Among the several core concepts of Extended Events is the concept of storing event payloads / data.
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Actions In Extended Events
an action invokes memories of verbs and “to do” something. If you recall from the quick definition in the article on Extended Events Objects, an action is “a means to attach additional data to the payload of an event.”
Extended Events and Fixed Schemas
Working with databases, XML, and many software applications, it is not uncommon to deal with fixed schemas. In the database world, it is fairly fundamental to have some sort of schema. The schema represents the typing of the bit-strings that are being stored or presented. One might even call it the template.
Extended Events – Event Anatomy
As a follow-up to the introduction to what an Event is, it makes sense to discuss the components of an event. What makes up an event? What is the payload of the event? What is a payload?